Type: Conference Paper
Title: Urban density for a carbon free city in different climates
Authors: Chen, Hsiao-Hui 
Dietrich, Udo 
Source: Proceedings of the International Seminar on Urban Form 24th ISUF 2017 : City and Territory in the Globalization Age
Issue Date: 2017
Keywords: Zero Energy Building; compensating measure; urban densities; energy demand; land-use requirement
Abstract: 
In a carbon free city, the energy demand, including thermal energy (heating, cooling and hot water), power (ventilation and artificial light) in buildings and transport, need to be covered by the renewables gained on site or in the surrounding area outside of the town. This means a huge compensating area is required for harvesting renewable energy. This paper aims to explore the urban density that could potentially achieve the balance among three requirements: energy saving, land saving, and human scale. By holding constant of building type, estate size, thermal energy system, power harvesting system, lighting system and traffic energy (electric car), different scenarios of urban density in various climate zones were compared. The results show that, although increasing urban density by increasing number of storey does reduce transportation energy consumption, the rate of decreased transportation energy consumption slows down as the number of storey increases. Also, artificial light will reach saturation (100% of hours of use) with increased number of storeys and, therefore, increase building energy consumption. For cold or moderate climates, the optimal scenario would be 4 to 6 storeys with street width of 25m. For the hot and humid climates, the optimal choice would be 6 to 8 storeys and the effect of urban density on the land-use requirement is larger than the effect of compensating area because heating is power-based. These optimal ranges of number of storey provide good daylight access and also fall into the range of human scale.
Subject Class (DDC): 333.7: Natürliche Ressourcen, Energie und Umwelt
HCU-Faculty: Bauphysik 
Start page: 633
End page: 640
Publisher: Universitat Politècnica València
ISBN: 978-84-9048-574-3
Publisher DOI: 10.4995/ISUF2017.2017.5487
URN (Citation Link): urn:nbn:de:gbv:1373-repos-10400
Directlink: https://repos.hcu-hamburg.de/handle/hcu/817
Language: English
Creative Commons License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
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